Inherited metabolic disorders are often characterized by the lack of an essential enzyme and are currently treated by dietary restriction and other strategies to replace the substrates or products of the missing enzyme. Patients with homocystinuria lack the enzyme cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), and many of these individuals do not respond to current treatment protocols. In this issue of the
Dwight D. Koeberl
The ability of a single T cell antigen receptor (TCR) to cross-react with multiple antigens allows the finite number of T cells within an organism to respond to the compendium of pathogen challenges faced during a lifetime. Effective immune surveillance, however, comes at a price. TCR cross-reactivity can allow molecular mimics to spuriously activate autoimmune T cells; it also underlies T cell rejection of organ transplants and drives graft-versus-host disease. In this issue of the
Brian D. Stadinski, Reinhard Obst, Eric S. Huseby
In this issue of the
Jameel Iqbal, Tony Yuen, Li Sun, Mone Zaidi
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common cause of hospital-related mortality; therefore, strategies to either prevent or treat this complication are of great interest. In this issue of the
Simon J. Atkinson
Tregs are critical for control of self-reactive T cells that escape thymic selection and end up in the periphery. Treg subsets suppress effector T cell populations through the secretion of immunosuppressive molecules and inhibitory cytokines as well as cell contact–dependent mechanisms. In this issue of the
Christoph T. Berger, Christoph Hess
Substantial ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) to the transplanted kidney occurs in 30% to 50% of transplantation patients who receive the organ from a deceased donor. IRI usually manifests as delayed graft function (DGF) and, in severe cases, results in primary nonfunction. Previous studies, primarily experimental, have demonstrated sex-specific susceptibility to IRI in kidney and other organs. In this issue of the
Sanjeev Noel, Niraj M. Desai, Abdel Rahim A. Hamad, Hamid Rabb
Influenza infection can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), leading to poor disease outcome with high mortality. One of the driving features in the pathogenesis of ARDS is the accumulation of fluid in the alveoli, which causes severe pulmonary edema and impaired oxygen uptake. In this issue of the
Rena Brauer, Peter Chen
The invasion of cancer cells around and into nerves is associated with increased cancer aggression and poor patient outcome. As this perineural invasion increases disease severity, a better understanding of how the process is regulated may help in the development of therapeutics to target neuronal involvement in cancer. In this issue of the
Salma H. Azam, Chad V. Pecot
Exon skipping uses antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) to alter transcript splicing for the purpose of rescuing or modulating protein expression. In this issue of the
Elizabeth M. McNally, Eugene J. Wyatt
Genetic alterations are known drivers of autoimmune disease; however, there is a much higher incidence of autoimmunity in women, implicating sex-specific factors in disease development. The autoimmune regulator (
Pearl Bakhru, Maureen A. Su
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