Despite no alteration in baseline IL-6 and significantly smaller reductions in measures of adipose tissue as compared with the aerobic training group, only resistance exercise training resulted in significant attenuation of CRP concentration. To determine the effects of 10 wk of resistance or aerobic exercise training on interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Further, to determine pretraining and post training associations between alterations of IL-6 and CRP and alterations of total body fat mass (TB'FM), intra abdominal fat mass (IA-FM), and total body lean mass (TB'LM). A sample of 102 sedentary subjects were assigned to a resistance group (n= 35), an aerobic group (n= 41), or a control group (n= 26). Before and after intervention, subjects were involved indual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, muscular strength and aerobic fitness, measurements and further provided a resting fasted venous blood sample for measures of IL-6, CRP, cholesterol profile, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, and glycosylated hemoglobin. The resistance and the aerobic groups completed a respective 10-wk supervised and periodized training program, whereas the control group maintained sedentary lifestyle and dietary patterns. Both exercise training programs did not reduce IL-6; however, the resistance and the aerobic groups reduced CRP by 32.8%(PG 0.05) and 16.1%(P= 0.06), respectively. At baseline, CRP was positively correlated with IL-6 (r= 0.35),(TB'FM)(r= 0.36), and IA-FM (r= 0.31) and was inversely correlated with aerobic fitness measures (all r values Q'0.24). Compared with the resistance and the control groups, the aerobic group exhibited significant (PG 0.05) improvements in all aerobic fitness measures and significant reductions in IA-FM (7.4%) and body mass (1.1%). Compared with the aerobic and the control groups, the resistance group significantly (PG 0.05) improved TB'FM (3.7%) and upper (46.3%) and lower (56.6%) body strength.