O-GlcNAc Cycling: A Link Between Metabolism and Chronic Disease

MR Bond, JA Hanover - Annual review of nutrition, 2013 - annualreviews.org
MR Bond, JA Hanover
Annual review of nutrition, 2013annualreviews.org
To maintain homeostasis under variable nutrient conditions, cells rapidly and robustly
respond to fluctuations through adaptable signaling networks. Evidence suggests that the O-
linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) posttranslational modification of serine and
threonine residues functions as a critical regulator of intracellular signaling cascades in
response to nutrient changes. O-GlcNAc is a highly regulated, reversible modification poised
to integrate metabolic signals and acts to influence many cellular processes, including …
To maintain homeostasis under variable nutrient conditions, cells rapidly and robustly respond to fluctuations through adaptable signaling networks. Evidence suggests that the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) posttranslational modification of serine and threonine residues functions as a critical regulator of intracellular signaling cascades in response to nutrient changes. O-GlcNAc is a highly regulated, reversible modification poised to integrate metabolic signals and acts to influence many cellular processes, including cellular signaling, protein stability, and transcription. This review describes the role O-GlcNAc plays in governing both integrated cellular processes and the activity of individual proteins in response to nutrient levels. Moreover, we discuss the ways in which cellular changes in O-GlcNAc status may be linked to chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, neurodegeneration, and cancers, providing a unique window through which to identify and treat disease conditions.
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