MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an extensive class of small noncoding RNAs that control
posttranscriptional gene expression. miRNAs are highly expressed in neurons where they
play key roles during neuronal differentiation, synaptogenesis, and plasticity. It is also
becoming increasingly evident that miRNAs have a profound impact on higher cognitive
functions and are involved in the etiology of several neurological diseases and disorders. In
this chapter, we summarize our current knowledge of miRNA functions during neuronal …