[HTML][HTML] Critical determinants of Ca2+-dependent inactivation within an EF-hand motif of L-type Ca2+ channels

BZ Peterson, JS Lee, JG Mulle, Y Wang, M De Leon… - Biophysical journal, 2000 - cell.com
BZ Peterson, JS Lee, JG Mulle, Y Wang, M De Leon, DT Yue
Biophysical journal, 2000cell.com
Abstract L-type (α 1C) calcium channels inactivate rapidly in response to localized elevation
of intracellular Ca 2+, providing negative Ca 2+ feedback in a diverse array of biological
contexts. The dominant Ca 2+ sensor for such Ca 2+-dependent inactivation has recently
been identified as calmodulin, which appears to be constitutively tethered to the channel
complex. This Ca 2+ sensor induces channel inactivation by Ca 2+-dependent CaM binding
to an IQ-like motif situated on the carboxyl tail of α 1C. Apart from the IQ region, another …
Abstract
L-type (α1C) calcium channels inactivate rapidly in response to localized elevation of intracellular Ca2+, providing negative Ca2+ feedback in a diverse array of biological contexts. The dominant Ca2+ sensor for such Ca2+-dependent inactivation has recently been identified as calmodulin, which appears to be constitutively tethered to the channel complex. This Ca2+ sensor induces channel inactivation by Ca2+-dependent CaM binding to an IQ-like motif situated on the carboxyl tail of α1C. Apart from the IQ region, another crucial site for Ca2+ inactivation appears to be a consensus Ca2+-binding, EF-hand motif, located ∼100 amino acids upstream on the carboxyl terminus. However, the importance of this EF-hand motif for channel inactivation has become controversial since the original report from our lab implicating a critical role for this domain. Here, we demonstrate not only that the consensus EF hand is essential for Ca2+ inactivation, but that a four-amino acid cluster (VVTL) within the F helix of the EF-hand motif is itself essential for Ca2+ inactivation. Mutating these amino acids to their counterparts in non-inactivating α1E calcium channels (MYEM) almost completely ablates Ca2+ inactivation. In fact, only a single amino acid change of the second valine within this cluster to tyrosine (V1548Y) supports much of the functional knockout. However, mutations of presumed Ca2+-coordinating residues in the consensus EF hand reduce Ca2+ inactivation by only ∼2-fold, fitting poorly with the EF hand serving as a contributory inactivation Ca2+ sensor, in which Ca2+ binds according to a classic mechanism. We therefore suggest that while CaM serves as Ca2+ sensor for inactivation, the EF-hand motif of α1C may support the transduction of Ca2+-CaM binding into channel inactivation. The proposed transduction role for the consensus EF hand is compatible with the detailed Ca2+-inactivation properties of wild-type and mutant V1548Y channels, as gauged by a novel inactivation model incorporating multivalent Ca2+ binding of CaM.
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